The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essays

The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essays The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essay The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essay As a societal worker, holding an consciousness of how my doctrine may act upon my decision-making in a professional scene is of import for future pattern. In order to give my clients the most good advise. I must be cognizant of my duties in following the value patterns of societal work. Know my place in the assisting sphere Harmonizing to the Association of Australian Social Workers, societal work pattern should take to assist persons accomplish success in both personal and societal enterprises in order to promote well-being of the person ( aasw 2002, p 5 ) . My self-evaluation will analyze how personal doctrine regards or contradicts the value set out in societal work pattern. I will research my values in relation to single relationships and speak about my hopes for the hereafter of the universe I shall besides research the beginnings of my doctrines, the pillars that sustain them and the events in my life that have shaped my beliefs. I will so analyze the stairss I would take to fo restall struggles of involvement between my client and me Personal life Doctrine Human existences irrespective of gender, race, or position govern their lives harmonizing to a series of regulations that show the manner to act among household, friends, and the wider community. These are called values and are signals that give way about right and incorrect ( Dolgoff et al, 2009, p20, Beckett A ; Maynard, 2005, p5 ) . Valuess stem from a assortment of countries, as kids we are raised in communities that influence our behavior Beckett and Maynard ( 2005 ) refer to these as value systems. The ideals we take from our societies can be inactive and others can alter overtime. ( Beckett A ; Maynard, 2005 ) Culture has a major impact on our value systems ; it influences our professional lives, every bit good as our private lives. ( Otima Doyle, Shari E. Miller, F. Y. Mirza, 2007 ) . I besides govern my actions harmonizing to values learned as a kid and my doctrine has been shaped by a cross-cultural upbringing, I was raised in Papua New Guinea where I received a western i nstruction that encouraged individuality and in Uganda, I received a Catholic instruction where I learned the values of community. I experienced the broad life style in university. These diverse environments have contributed to how I view the universe today. I value people above all other existences because of the manner I was raised in Uganda with household members that supported each other economically I did non see great adversity. However I knew that my parents did. This consciousness taught me to esteem difficult work and value unity, because my parents despite their battles resisted the force per unit areas of the authorities to give personal unity for wealth. I value honestness and for me that includes being unfastened about my abilities to take instances that may do me great hurt and I consider credibleness in affairs refering to worker client confidentiality valuable Compassion and charity are besides of import to me because I believe that in order to be an effectual assist ant, a charitable nature goes along manner towards understanding the demands of a client. I am cognizant nevertheless that emotional distance must be exercised. I need to be careful non become emotionally attached to the client In order to forestall my enforcing my values upon my client. I believe in being committed to all my relationships, and experience that in order to accomplish success in either my personal or professional life I must be faithful in maintaining private inside informations in assurance. Finally I believe that in order for a relationship to turn at that place needs to be credence for differences in all facets of life, from how person behaves, to the sentiments they hold. Therefore if I choose to interact with people on a regular basis I should be able to accept them wholly. I may non wish their actions but I should admit that my clients come from different backgrounds and as a societal worker my responsibility lies in non judging them, but instead I am at that place to assist them work through their jobs. Hope for the hereafter and the universe The hereafter is genuinely an unknown that holds a batch of uncertainness for me ; at present I can non clearly image what my hopes and dreams are. However there are some things I would wish to see alteration in the following 10 old ages: The first country of concern for me is the clime alteration argument, alternatively of the changeless rhetoric from the major universe leaders like the United States, Russia, Great Britain, and China. I would wish to see concrete stairss being taken to cut down nursery gas emanation coming from industries around the universe. Second I wish that in the following few old ages the millenary development ends ( MDGs ) are achieved before the dead line in 2015 so far really limited success has been reported harmonizing to the United Nations MDGS study of 2009 advancement has been noted in merely four ends of the 10 end plan. The study outlines the advancement made in cut downing infant deceases, from its 1990 figure of 12.6million to 9 million in 2007 ; t he study besides cites advancement in the countries of instruction, poorness and decrease of pollutants. They nevertheless admit that more advancement is needed in order to run into the 2015 deadline. Finally I hope that more pharmaceutical companies will fall in the planetary enterprise to happen inexpensive alternate solutions to the medical demands of the universe. I hope the companies like Glaxo smith Kline and its many challengers dispense with the demand to do money and see salvaging lives as their precedence Beginnings of values and support My doctrine comes from many experiences. As a kid I grew up with cataracts that affected my vision. The status over the class of my instruction has caused me great defeat. However, the love and strength of my female parent ensured that I had the best possible start. She taught me neer to give up ; the support of my pedagogues besides showed me that despite the presence of obstructions, if I worked difficult I would accomplish my ends. The challenges due to my ocular hindrance have taught me to be compassionate towards all people who have challenges in their ain lives, I have experienced the adversity of seeking to populate and work with people who have few physical restrictions. Reading is a accomplishment that I love but at times I dislike it because the founts used in books are frequently excessively little and do me to be slower these apparently minor concerns cause me some defeat. I nevertheless find great inspiration from work forces like the Australian Born Nick Vujicic who was born with no limbs and with merely a bantam pes lives life to the full. With a dual grade in accounting and fiscal planning He speaks with strength about his journey I found the intent of my being, and besides the intent of my circumstance. ( Nick Vujicic 2010 ) . His ability to win in the manner he has despite his obvious challenges, amazes and humbles me into the realization that I can accomplish any end if I truly want it. My life doctrines are sustained by my belief in God to whom I turn to for counsel ; counsel I find in the Hagiographas of the Old and New Testament of the Bible. In the Old Testament Hagiographas, particularly in the book of Deuteronomy, I find the moral values by which I govern my life. Put out in The Ten Commandments ( NIV Bible, Duet ; 5:1-32 ) that guide me on how to populate my life in conformity to Gods wants. Other values that have contributed to who I am come from other books I have read. Books by Charles Dickens such as Oliver Twist and Hard Times have painted rough images of poorness in industrial England during the 19th and early twentieth century these narratives sparked an involvement in perusing solutions to human agony. Before coming to Australia I had completed a grade in International dealingss with the hope of taking my state towards happening solutions to our domestic jobs in the International arena these aspirations nevertheless have non been achieved so far Personal values in relation to Social work After reading the Australian association of societal workers codifications of moralss I have found analogues to my ain doctrine of life. The association has five nucleus values that provide societal work professionals with guidelines that inform their pattern. These values are: Human self-respect and worth Social justness Service to humanity Integrity Competence ( AASW, 2002, 1999, p 8 ) At this phase in my unrecorded I can appreciate and accept that these values are indispensable for every twenty-four hours life. However, I must show some reserves in stating that I would adhere to these values wholly. The major job that I can anticipate is that I am an person with assorted ideals in some state of affairss for case where the inquiry of life is posed I am reasonably assorted I do non believe in the decease punishment, yet I can non to the full differ about the abortion inquiries. I can mention a specific clip in my life when I was 22 and a friend told me she was dating a married adult male and had become pregnant. She wanted to hold an abortion and I tried to speak her out degree Fahrenheit it nevertheless she went in front and had the abortion, my first inherent aptitude when I got the intelligence was to be critical of her and I see now that my antipathy sing unfaithfulness and abortion prevented me from being more considerate, as a societal worker I must larn to st amp down my ain positions in order to be more receptive to my clients In state of affairss where my values may conflict with those of a client Ralph Dolgoff etal says clangs occur in many client worker kineticss ( Dolgoff etal 2009, p112 ) chiefly because societal workers tend to give greater value to societal harmoniousness, equality, free pick and societal justness. These values differ from civilization to civilization and may alter over clip. An illustration is the inquiry of a adult female s right to take between an abortion and non holding one in the early twentieth century adult females in Europe and North America could non acquire safe entree to abortion services and as a consequence many died in back back street clinics in the effort. However as Torahs around the universe have changed so have values and in many societies holding an abortion is now merely another option to a adult female who may hold no pick but to seek such services. These differences harmonizing to Dolgoff etal may do jobs for the societal worker and the client In the initial phases of therapy, nevertheless in order to guarantee that my point of position does non conflict with my clients values, Dolgoff suggests that societal workers need to peruse cognition relevant to the cultural demands of clients, this information can be compiled through interviews of clients ( Dolgoff etal 2009 ) . As societal workers we need to be knowing about the assorted issues refering to cultural or spiritual beliefs ( Dolgoff, etal, 2009, 113 ) .Although I may necessitate to hold a better apprehension of where my client place on certain values comes from, it is critical that I maintain a clear impartial modesty Dolgoff emphasises the dangers built-in in placing excessively closely with the clients he points out that prejudice will most likely consequence and impact the success of an intercession. However holding a similar background to my client can enable a better resonance to develop between my client and myself. Further spreads that may originate and do me jobs as a societal worker trade with the affair of power ; in the societal work profession I have assumed power over the client. And because of this false power, the client is likely to experience unequal to me by virtuousness of my cognition, and the client s place of service user. This power moral force can be damaging to the success of a societal worker in seeking to garner helpful penetration into a clients job, if non channelled right In the text Ethical determinations for societal work pattern Ralph Dolgoff etal suggest a figure of ways in which I can guarantee that my client feels comfy plenty to allow travel of the fright that may halter the assisting exercising. They suggest that as a societal worker I need to happen out what the clients values are and decide whether struggle of involvements exists, and if there is struggle I must next attack the client in a manner that does non advert the value in order to understand the nature o f my client s job. In order to keep a professional criterion I must retrieve the grounds I chose to fall in the assisting profession, harmonizing Lesley Chenoweth and Donna McAuliffe ( 2005, p 6 ) the grounds some people enter the societal work profession root from experiences had ether in child goon or early maturity. These experiences can sometimes supply a individual with a passion to fall in the societal work field because they were helped by a societal worker and wanted to animate others, as they were inspired. For some the experience with societal services could hold been negative and fostered a desire to convey alteration to the profession. No affair how we joined the profession it is of import that we do non lose sight of the grounds why we chose societal work these grounds will prolong me and maintain me motivated to go on to work with clients even those who are hard and difficult to assist. Admiting personal prejudice before manus can frequently cut down the opportunities of holding value struggles with clients. Chenoweth and McAuliffe regard this as effectual usage of ego By allowing my supervisors know where I stand on certain issue can guarantee that I am less likely to be assigned a instance that I can non properly trade with. Keeping a value impersonal stance is another manner to avoid making value struggles ( Weick as cited by Dolgoff etal ) suggests that in order to decently understand the client the societal worker demands to listen carefully to what the client truly wants and should suspend all opinion, values, and personal rules in order to supply effectual aid to the client ( Dolgoff, 2009, P, 114 ) . In order for my future societal work pattern to be consequence I must cultivate and continually beef up my cognition base and seek webs to maintain me motivated. Self-awareness is cardinal to understanding my function, as a professional assistant, and critical contemplations about my ego in relation to my values is valuable. As the American writer Daniel Coleman said, If your emotional abilities are nt in manus, if you do nt hold self-awareness, if you are non able to pull off your straitening emotions, if you ca nt hold empathy and have effectual relationships, so no affair how smart you are, you are non traveling to acquire really far. ( Coleman, 2010 ) .

Free Essays on Ways To Get Fired

and not physical activities. If you want to get a point across to anyone it is extremely important not to offend anyone. It is very rare that human on this earth does not need a job. Yes there are a few who grew up with a silver spoon in their mouth. But for the rest of us, we do need to find a study job to support our families and ourselves. Once we are hired there are many rules that need to be met. For instance, there are several factors that we can not help about our... Free Essays on Ways To Get Fired Free Essays on Ways To Get Fired Ways to get fired By: Khai Le Getting fired can be everyone’s nightmare. Not everyone will get along with everyone. There are many reasons why employees lose their job. In some cases, it could be the fact the manager does not like the way you look. You could also be fired because of your fail to reach responsibilities. Or lack of communication with fellow employer, supervisor and customer. There is always someone who judges a person by his or her appearance. In most cases, it is what we all call racism. In today society, we still have ignorant people who immediately assume someone is bad or good by there outside look. With that assumption, an employee could get fired, and we all know that is not right. The most common reason why an employee could get discharged, is the fact the responsibilities that was assign to them, was never met. This could directly lead into argument with the manager. Usually the manager will quickly remove you, and replace you with someone who is capable of doing the work. Communication is one of the strongest factors you have to have to be able to work, especially if you work with people. Just imagine, walking up to a sale person asking for assistance, and all you receive is negative attitude and an unfriendly welcome. How would you feel? I bet you would feel pretty awful and flooded with anger. To communicate you have to be open, and understanding. It’s very important to be able to express your ideas with words and not physical activities. If you want to get a point across to anyone it is extremely important not to offend anyone. It is very rare that human on this earth does not need a job. Yes there are a few who grew up with a silver spoon in their mouth. But for the rest of us, we do need to find a study job to support our families and ourselves. Once we are hired there are many rules that need to be met. For instance, there are several factors that we can not help about our...

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AGGINMENT(short answer questions) Essay

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AGGINMENT(short answer questions) - Essay Example Another important external factor is globalization which has created new business opportunities. HR departments have to analyze the benefits and costs of outsourcing business processes (Richardson & Thompson, 1999: Pg 67). The HR department is also influenced by the internal factors. Technology, innovation, and creativity might be implemented at the workplace. The HR department can seek to hire and recruit workers who have adequate skills in installing and configuring technological applications. Innovation and creativity is also required in order to enhance productivity and output. HR departments need to take into account the individual factors. Employees must have high levels of organizational commitment and job satisfaction in order to function at optimum levels. The HR department plans a system of incentives and rewards for performing employees. It can use assessment instruments in order to create satisfactory work environment. The HR department is at the forefront of an organization’s corporate strategy. The work force should be selected on the basis of certain competencies. Workers should exhibit high levels of efficiency and effectiveness. Their ability to work as teams and under pressure improves the corporate strategy of the organization. Further the work force should demonstrate efficiency and effectiveness. The goal of the HR department should be develop specific competencies like leadership, management, organization, planning, and coordination amongst the work force. Workers should be trained to collaborate and cooperate with each other (Beaumont, 1993: Pg 123). A dual HR strategy refers to the creation of appropriate business rules and regulations. It seeks to regulate and monitor employee actions and performance. The advantages of this approach are that it enables the department to create accurate and reliable job descriptions. Further employee concerns and aspirations are addressed in a s mart and reliable manner. A

The last king of Scotland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The last king of Scotland - Essay Example Nicholas Garrigan (James McAvoy), a young Scottish doctor, happens to be in the closest circle of Amin’s followers. In the beginning of the film, Nicholas is inspired by passionate speeches Amin gives at every occasion. People believe Amin hoping that he will lead Uganda to success. Nicholas also sees a prospective leader who can change the country and make it prosperous. Amin produces the same impression on his foreign partners. It is revealed that he comes to power with the help of British ambassadors. Amin promises people that he will take care of them. Ironically, he is aimed at taking care of his life. Uganda’s budget is spent on posh cars, palaces and parties Amin organizes for his friends. He likes people who flatter him. He likes British because he served in the British Army. He has the best cars, modernized hospitals, fashionable clothing while people die from starvation. Amin is an eccentric leader; his personality has something comic and frightening in it. His closest followers have to laugh when he is laughing. His reactions are unpredictable. He likes different medals and titles to such an extent that he claims that he is the last king of Scotland. His tyranny is represented not in politics only but in his relationships with his wives. One of the children of his third wife Kay (Kerry Washington) is epileptic. However, Amin does not allow keeping him in the hospital. He insists that his wife has to lead isolated way of life in order to fact this shameful fact from other people. General Amin is afraid of being killed. He suspects all people that they can poison his food or stand him up. He believes nobody. People who can express their opinion are not appreciated in Amin’s palace. It is the reason why Nicholas is excluded from Amin’s friends circle. His opinions become too humiliating for Amin, who wants to be the best. Nicholas becomes one of the prisoners of Amin’s regime. He is not allowed to leave the

How to do qualitative research Essay Example for Free

How to do qualitative research Essay Introduction: Qualitative research is about asking questions and gathering information through words, to then later analyze. One way of doing this is through ethnography. But before any research can be done, there must be a research question. In this case, Do the Olympics cause their audience to act differently than when they are watching any other popular TV show? This question was chosen to clearly outline the process of ethnography, and how it is useful in finding out the information needed to answer this research question. Methodology: An ethnography is A Research approach to understanding the culture of a group (patterns of behaviour/attitudes, how they create meaning), by immersing oneself in the activities of the specific group over a period of time and then writing up a descriptive summary. (Savage 3). An ethnographic approach includes being engaged in and listening to conversations, taking regular notes and collecting artifacts of the group being studied (Savage 7). All of these things later help in writing up a summary of findings that where gathered from the ethnography. There are two main types of ethnography, first there is an overt ethnography where the participants are told they are being observed. This type of ethnography is most commonly used and is less risky because the participants are aware of the study that is taking place. The other type is covert. This is where the researcher is unknown by the participants (Savage 10). The ethnography done about whether the Olympics change the way an audience acts is a covert ethnography. The subjects were unaware of the researcher and the fact that they were being studied and just watched TV as they normally would. Although this study was in a closed setting, there is always a chance of a risk when doing a covert study, because one of the participants may not want to be studied (Savage 9-10). Another important aspect of doing an ethnography is gaining access. Gaining access all depends on whether it is a closed setting or an open setting. Open settings are public settings are are fairly easy to gain access to. They include places like a street corner, or a movie theatre lobby, or city council meetings (Savage 9). Closed settings are non-public settings that are harder to gain access to because they usually require a contact, or permission to get into. Closed settings include families, firms, doctors offices and political parties (Savage 9). These are places that access is only granted to people who have permission. Although, in most cases, a lot of groups that are in a closed setting, have both open and closed settings, so if permission was not granted, then there would still be an opportunity for an ethnography when the group is in an open setting. The ethnography that was done took place in a closed setting and access was granted due to it being at the researchers house. This made it easy to gain access without having to worry about any limits that can sometimes come with closed settings. Summary of Findings For this topic, one would find that using ethnography would be the best way to go about making a research project about the Olympics causing an audience to act differently then when they watch other popular TV shows. This is because the study was about to view two different settings, one of subjects watching a popular TV show (American Idol), and one of subjects watching the Olympic Games. This allowed for a very good comparison between the two, and made answering the research question fairly easy. While doing the ethnography in both settings, being a fly on the wall allowed the researcher to observe how the subjects acted in both situations without being noticed. The setting also helped in disguising the researcher, because the subjects were just told it was homework, or they were used to the researcher being on the computer anyways. If this study were to be conducted as an in-depth interview, the results would be quite different. The interviewee may not know how they react when theyre watching television, or may not notice that they act differently and vise versa, which would then make it difficult to get the desired information. This would put the study at a halt because no relevant information would have been gathered. Conducting an ethnography is the only real way to go about answering this research question. There is a certain level of control that comes with doing an ethnography for this question because the researcher is unknown, this also ensures that the subjects are acting the way the normally would and not acting the way the think they should act. Which is sometimes the case when people are told they are being studied. Also, (in this case) the subjects are somewhat being forced to watch the desired television show. This ensures that the subjects are being exposed to the same show and can allow for more specific research. Ethnography is also useful because it allows for change. If the ethnography were to go on, there would most likely be more television shows to compare the Olympics to, but in this case, the research question could be narrowed down to Do the Olympics cause their audience to act differently than when they are watching American Idol? . If the study were to continue, because it is an ethnography with multiple subjects for each show, there is room for change, and the data that was already collected would still be useful. Whereas if an in-depth interview was to done, and data was collected there is no guarantee that each subject watches the same television shows to be able to compare among the different subject that were interviewed. Key Learnings After choosing to use an ethnography to answer this research question, some things became quite clear. First, when conducting a covert ethnography, sometimes it is not so easy to remain unknown to every subject, and it is difficult to judge what they are thinking or what they will do if they were to find out. This raised the question of what should the researcher do if they are in a closed setting that they cannot leave and a subject did not want to be studied and was very angry? In most closed setting situations, the chances are that it will not be a covert ethnography, but after this covert closed setting ethnography, it was made clear that the position of research should not be made known for the safety of the researcher. This leads to another question about ethics and who should be harmed in that case. If the researcher is in danger of being harmed if they were to tell the subject that they were being studied, and if the researcher did not tell the subject, then it is considered unethical because the subject is being lied to. Does this issue then become an issue of choosing the greater good? In which case, who decides what the greater good is? Second, when doing an ethnography there is not always something useful to take note of. This causes ethnography to be very time consuming because the research must wait until they have all the information needed which may take a very long time if nothing is happening. This causes a problem because there is no guarantee that anything will happen at all that would help the researcher answer their research question. Conclusion: In discussing using ethnography to answer the question of Do the Olympics cause their audience to act differently than when they are watching any other popular TV show? and what was learned, it is safe to conclude that ethnography is the best way to approach a question like this. This is largely due to the method being more successful at gathering information than its alternative, and because there are a number of way that is can be performed to ensure that the researcher is able to get the information needed.

Cassius as Tragic Hero in Julius Caesar Essay -- Julius Caesar Essays

Cassius as Tragic Hero in Julius Caesar    William Shakespeare wrote Julius Caesar around 1599. The role of the `tragic hero' is extremely important as many of the characters in Julius Caesar exemplify the `tragic hero' qualities. Marcus Brutus, and Julius Caesar, display all the qualities of the `tragic hero': they are great men, with character flaws, and as a result of a mistake in decision-making many people suffer. In Cassius one can see these same qualities. Cassius can be seen as another tragic hero in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.    Cassius is a talented general, and does not like the fact that Caesar has become `god-like' in the Roman people's minds (see above quote Act I, Scene ii). Cassius can be seen as a great man because of his standing and title; however, his role as conspirator is much larger, and shows his power over others. Thus, in the eyes of the audience, he is perceived as great. However, he has a flaw, as all tragic heroes do: it is obvious from where his power is situated that he lacks integrity. He is impulsive and unscrupulous; this is...

Synthesis Paper on Cell Phones Usage in School

Robert Pohlman ENG-215 Miss Sreenan June 2, 2009 My Fifteen Minutes of Fame I arrived at the Tepala Shrine Temple to play my first gig in front of a live audience with my new band â€Å"Ben Joehoff and the Cards†. I'm Robert, the lead guitarist in our four member band. I walk into the building with my shoulders back trying to exude confidence as I carry in my two guitars, a laguna and a fender Stratocaster. As soon as I'm through the door I start looking for my friends without trying to be too obvious about it. At the same time I walk slowly toward the room where all the loud band and people noises are escaping. I stop at the doorway. Glancing around the room, I see the judges at their table, the audience, and all the other band member â€Å"want-to-be's† hanging around. My eyes shift to the front of the room, to the huge stage. The stage appears as promised by the RAMI's. It is set up with everything necessary for a rock band to play professionally. I see the huge black speakers and the shiny microphones which will make us sound professional. There are lights all over, of different sizes, colors and shapes. There are lighting people, and sound people. The setup looks great and the rest is up to us. I swallow down a dry throat, trying to keep my nerves from showing. Again, I look for my friends. Suddenly, I see Mark, or â€Å"Joker†, that is his band nickname, and, then, I see the rest of my band. I give a little sigh of relief, to myself, and, I think, â€Å"They are here, this is really happening! â€Å". I grin at them, and hurry over to join them. Everyone is excited, nervous, but excited. We can't wait till it's our turn! There are several bands before us, but they play their songs way too fast. Suddenly, we're up! This is my first time. I can feel the butterflies exploding in my stomach. I take a deep breath and walk out into the lights on stage. The lights are so bright that it is hard to see anything off stage. I strum a cord on my guitar to make sure my volume is alright. Suddenly, I hear the sound of sticks! One, two, three, four! My turn, I hit the first cord and feel the rich sound. The crowd seems to like us. Some of my crazy friends are dancing to the music. Mark busts out with his crazy drum solo. The beat calms me somehow. Oh, no! My solo is coming up! I hope I don't mess up! Here, goes. I just need to concentrate on the notes. Suddenly it is over! I nailed it!!! That has to be one of the best fifteen minutes of my life!

Anti Guns on Campuses Essay

Guns are a double-edged sword when it comes down to it. Guns provide many people the ability to feel safe and protected, while other guns are constant reminder that some freedoms are taken too far. Guns privileges are abused, misused, and mistreated. Young people glorify toting weapons like it’s a new fashion statement. Missing the fact, that what in reality is causing uproar and panic amongst everyone else. That is why I feel like guns should not be allowed on college campuses. Asking a young person to take the responsibility of not only carrying but carrying a gun around on a college campus is a lot to ask of a college aged young adult. Most people in college struggle with grasping a full-course load, let alone walking with a gun, or the fact that someone unbeknownst to them could be carrying an automatic weapon. The theory is not brilliant; if a situation occurs we should let the proper authorities handle it, in a professional manner in which they are paid to do so. Law enforcement is more than just capable of doing their job, in a professional sense. It makes sense for police to patrol all throughout a college campus to keep peace. Asking an 18- 24 year old who is still mentally and emotionally adjusting to life and new experiences is too much. College campuses are actually safer than the surrounding communities where an actual 93% of crimes that occur against college students take place. That in it of itself is an eye opener to those for gun on college campuses. College campuses are a safe heaven, where students can be at ease, and be at peace knowing that they are protected 24/7. Lawmakers should take joy as well. Campus police is actually doing what’s asked of them and doing it above and beyond. Police are doing what is asked of them. Now imagine if a student or even faculty member such as a teacher with no crisis training is asked to respond to an emergency situation? Many if not most would panic and not how to respond to the situation at hand. Situations could lead to disaster, so why not leave that to the professionals. Clearly not having guns on college campuses has worked so far. Why would society decide to change that now? The negatives outweigh the good in every facet. Yes like with anything there are positives, but those positives are few and far between. Students and faculty aren’t trained to handle the pressures and stress that come with dealing with carrying a loaded weapon on campus. Law Enforcement does a heck of a job, in protecting all persons on campuses now. By switching that up, you are making police officers job even way more difficult, asking them to distinguish in crisis situations who and who isn’t the culprit. Making them find out who has the gun? Guns should be allowed on college campuses period.

Home Depot Service

Home Depot Service Introduction and service Background of Home Depot Home Depot Inc has grown immensely since its commencement back in the 1970’s when it was a small organization founded by three business executives who had left Handy Dan Stores to start their own home appliance service delivery company. Back then the company had only one store and annual earnings of $ 23M.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Home Depot Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But through good management and efficiency, the company has grown into one of the largest vendor and installer of home improvement appliances serving individuals and professional customers. The company’s founders retired back in the year 2000 after opening the 1000th store and Bob Nardelli was appointed C.E.O. This move has contributed a lot to the success of the company because since then the company has even performed better. The new C.E.O has overseen the openin g of over 900 stores and currently the organization has over 2200 stores across the United States of America. The home improvement retailer is now among the top 3 retailers in the world following Wal-Mart, but it is the America’s largest Home Improvement appliance and service selling company in the United States of America, the company is now a home appliance service company helping build beautiful homes across America, Canada and Mexico. The company has experienced profit growth every year since 2000-2005; the profits have grown from $45.7B in 2000 to over $81B. Despite the value of its shares doing poorly in the NYSE, the company has improved its earnings per share from $1.10 to $2.75 therefore pleasing shareholders and currently the company has paid out close to $ 13B in cumulative earnings back to its shareholders. Besides this, the company’s operating margin has also grown from 9.2 % to 11.5% thereby indicating that the company is quite healthy and is performing w ell. The company has over 300,000 employees on its payroll to ensure that the company is able to cater for its customers especially when it comes to superior service delivery.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The efforts of former C.E.O, Bob Nardelli, have to be appreciated since he has used all his experience and skills in his position to ensure that the company continues to operate on a path which allows it to grow in both size and revenue by catering for the needs of their customer base and offering a lot of competition to rivals such as Wal-Mart by building stores and Home depot centers that are spacious and well designed. The decision to open the Home depot online business has also played a big role in ensuring dominance of the retailer. Strategic Posture Mission Home Depot Inc is a well established company that aims to provide its customers with the highe st quality home improvement products and high quality service (Home Depot Inc). The slogan, â€Å"improve everything we touch,† is a clear indication of the customer experience that is part of the service delivery strategy that Home Depot wants its entire customers to experience as soon as they enter in the premises of the organization to purchase products from their retail centers all over America (Kotler, 167). The company takes its customers seriously and hopes to offer solutions to their daily needs by providing services that will improve the homes and lives of their customers. This mission has been relevant to the current performance and the vision of the company is to become the best retail company of this millennium with superior service delivery. Objectives Home Depot has most of its services rooted in the service industry; the organization desires to be one of the biggest participants in the retail industry in this millennium and also aims to realize a rise in its ma rket share by acquiring other companies using an aggressive business strategy. The company has ambitions to maintain an annual growth in sales of between 9-12% by the year 2012. Additionally, the company aims to increase its earnings per share for its equity owners to between 10-14% by the year 2012 by growing its service delivery to its target audience.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Home Depot Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company believes that its survival is not the only objective but it is important for the company to grow and acquire other new companies such as Hughes Supplies to increase its dominance in the retail industry. Furthermore, the company intends to pen close to 400-500 stores in various regions of the world by the end of 2012 despite the indication that the market is saturating. Other objectives of the company include increasing cumulative operating cash flow to $50b, cumulati ve capital expenditure to $17-20b and grow their supply sales to $23-27b (Home Depot Inc).The stores believe that their targets can be met if employees spend approximately 70% of their working hours on the selling floor and expanding their markets. Strategy Home Depot uses an aggressive strategy which aims at sustaining the company’s growth. The strategy is known as the 3E’s strategy which involves extending business, expanding the market and enhancing the core. This strategy is effective as besides guaranteeing its growth it also ensures that the quality of service and value delivered to customers increase as the company expands (Home Depot Inc). Policies The company’s policy revolves around its clientele and the need to enhance the customer experience is fundamental to success and for that reason the company has a policy that instructs its staff to spend close to 70% of total work time on the selling floor and performing customer service activities because thi s way the needs of the current consumers and targeted consumers can be catered for and the customers are most likely to have the complete customer experience (Kotler, 239; Home Depot Inc). Figure 1 A diagrammatic representation of the full elements included in a product Services delivered by Home Depot are valuable to their clientele and this is why the organization has been able to get a lot of positive reviews from numerous quarters and their customers have grown in number (Home Depot Inc).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The wide variety of the services is offered by the organization and these include mostly services which complement their product offering. Customers usually desire not only to purchase the core product but services accompanying the product is very important especially because home appliances require some level of expertise especially when it comes to installation. When customers purchase home appliances such as tools, hardware, lumber, building materials, paint, plumbing, flooring and garden supplies, they may require expertise services from the staff before they gain the skills to use the appliances. This is why home depot offers â€Å" installation services, advice, clinics, contractor services, credit center, delivery services, design services, home services, import/export services, moving services, tool rental, and truck rental this way a holistic customer satisfaction dimension is achieved† (Kotler, 110). Service process structure, structural alternatives, technology, st andardization, co-production, High vs. Low contact The corporate structure and the customer service process structure cannot be separated unlike long ago where the customer service delivery process structure of the Home Depot was reportedly chaotic before the arrival of Bob Nardelli, the former C.E.O who retired in 2007. The current structure is managed according to regions such as south, south east, west, east, north and Midwest, whereby each store has its own overall manager and functional level managers. The regional managers serve as head of strategy and are responsible for customer service despite that fact that they have other customer service department managers and departments within their branches. This structure has ensured efficiency unlike beforehand where management was fragmented and decentralized hence the current management system allows its managers to communicate directly with the top management team thus enabling the organization respond appropriately to the needs of the customers (Kotler, 229). The former C.E.O, Bob Nardelli, did set expectations that up to date play a major role in encouraging every manager to achieve the optimal output and deliver results furthermore all employees are required to spend some time on the selling floor in order to ensure that the needs of customers are catered for in order to ensure that customer satisfaction ratings go up. This policy put into in place by the C.E.O has fostered the culture of collective responsibility as far as issues of customer service are concerned it is not only the duty of regional managers, general managers and functional area managers within the stores but also a responsibility of the lowest level of staff within the organization. Table1.The Service Process Structure of Home Depot This referral system of customer service can take a long time and at times can consume a lot of time especially when low staff employees lack the capacity to solve problems and hence send customers to the next level of the hierarchy. This can thereby be replaced by specialized customer care departments or booths that have fully trained customer care experts to respond to specific product needs of the customers (Kotler, 179; Porter, 17). Illustration: Home depots superior customer service techniques are part of the key competencies that have contributed to the organization’s success Home depot’s customer service policy aims to ensure that the needs and queries of customers are resolved in the shortest time frame possible. Service process structure of Home Depot aims to provide the maximum customer experience by providing services that are considered of high quality and at the same time affordable. The entire sales service engineering process of Home Depot aims to respond to the needs of their customers by enabling them get high quality assistance as far as pre-purchase and post-purchase queries such as planning, installation, training, trouble shooting, repairs, product upgrading and discarding of products are concerned. The management of Home Depot centre believes that their customer care policy offers them an opportunity to form relationships with their clients and therefore even improve thus empowering them. Empowered customers are more likely to engage themselves in the process of co-production of services and this reduces the workload that the staffs of Home Depot are most likely to face if they were dealing with underpowered clients (Worthington Britton 45). The top management regularly organizes seminars, workshops and training opportunities which are very crucial to empowering employees and standardizing the delivery of service (Kourdi, 43). The failure of offering standardized service delivery can at times be very costly and this is why employees of Home Depot care are given strict guidelines under which they can use to deal with both easy and hard clients. The entire sales engineering process of Home Depot has enabled different employee s to operate with a standardized approach which enables them to treat the needs and demands of all their clients within a reasonable time frame using high degrees of etiquette and friendliness (Kotler, 334). This fact has contributed to the high rate of customer retention and repeated purchases due to the fact that some sort of intimacy has arisen between the customers of the organization and the organization itself (Worthington Britton 57). Illustration: A model representing careful planning that has been used to develop the Customer service policies at the Home Depot Marketing Guru, Kotler, (44) insists that high quality customer care is never accidental but rather a product of vigorous and continuous planning programs that are initiated by top management and customer care staff within the organization. The Home Depot has put in place the necessary Information Communication Technology (ICT) structure that has assisted the organization towards ensuring that they can gather all th e necessary information which can be used to cater for their information needs. Model customer care departments and procedures are a result of goods planning and good planning cannot occur if an organization does not have the necessary information. The use of Information technology in this case has played a big role in the process by assisting customers become better co producers (Kotler, 269; Worthington Britton 164). This is because the use of Email, websites and customer care call centers has made it possible for the organization to interact with its clients at arm’s length. The technological environment in North America is becoming more advanced daily and Home Depot Inc has not been left behind. The organization has installed various technologies to cater for their business needs. The corporation has installed the most modern bar-coding technologies and UNIX servers and in this way, the organization is able to take care of inventory, financial accounting and also record customer needs accurately. Previously, when technology was an obstacle to corporations poor inventory management increased companies costs by interfering especially with customer care processes within the organization. The Home Depot management has put in place an additional I.T department in Texas to guarantee that the corporation runs efficiently and avoid extra costs due to poor business practices. This center has played a big role towards ensuring that their client’s needs are recorded and appropriate strategic responses are formulated hence improving customer care within the organization. Moreover, the corporation has installed back end scanning technology and upgraded call centre technology in order to support various processes within the organization (Worthington Britton 143). These actions have made sure that all transactions are recorded and that customer queries are recorded and queued so that customer care personnel can respond to them in the shortest time frame p ossible (Campbell et al 142). Unlike long ago where all service delivery programs were characterized by high levels of contact this has drastically changed and now when customers have queries it is not a must for them to be physically present at the premises of the Home Depot to raise their queries or even conduct business but they can do this at the comfort of their homes by ordering online and asking for more specified customized services. This way if there are more low contact services transactions then queuing and overcrowding at the stores are consequentially reduced saving costs in the long run for the organization (Porter, 88). Service blueprint, lines of visibility, interaction, on-stage and back-stage interaction failure points and poka-yokes Home Depot understands that it deals with heterogeneous clientele and every client has his/her own needs, wants and desires but the overall aim of their customer service charter is to offer lasting solutions to their clientele in the s hortest time frame possible (Kotler, 156). The customer service strategy of the Home Depot aims to foster loyalty and repeated purchase through ensuring high levels of satisfaction within customers. The staff are rigorously trained and given operational policies to deal with both simple and difficult clientele with the aim of enhancing customer satisfaction. The customer service department has adopted a flat structure and incorporated the use of information communication technology in order to ensure that the organization is able to communicate efficiently and effectively at high speeds to resolve customer needs as soon as they arise (Worthington Britton 77). The organization has made it mandatory for every individual within the organization to spend some time on the retail floor and interact with customers and hence this has contributed a lot towards developing an organization that is holistic when it comes to customer service matters. The main pillars of the strategy that is used by the Home depot include staying in touch with the needs and demands of customers and this is achieved by strategic gathering of data which is stored in data warehouses. This data is used by strategy formulation experts who are specialists in customer service to understand and predict customer behavior. Consumer behavior is a discipline anchored in understanding the needs, perceptions, tastes, preferences, attitudes and other forms of consumer behavior (Wheelen Hunger, 411). The output of this process is used to develop the most appropriate training programs of the employees which in turn empower employees once they interact with customers during the moment of truth. Home depots customer service policy is hence developed from predictions that emanate from their information communication technology department and therefore the staff have undergone various simulations that enable them enter into most probable question and answer scenario sessions that may involve potential customer s (Home Depot Inc). The customer service strategy blue print demands that all organizational employees aim to create great service delivery priorities. Therefore, the staff is required to be smart, smiling and polite when dealing with clients. Dealing with clients with the highest level of etiquette enables staff to avoid confrontational instances that may pose a bad image on the organization. Moreover, when customer service and clientele argue or conflict negatively then a lot of time is more likely to be lost. Illustration: The customer relationship management process that is part of the customer service blue print Home Depot Inc values all of its customers and it uses a sales engineering process to develop the most appropriate customer relationship management program that allows the organization to get closer and more personal with some of its most important clients. Customer relationship management is the backbone of The Home Depot center’s customer service strategy beca use it aims to reduce order processing/transaction time, this way the problem of long queue that arises in the process of service delivery can be reduced easily hence improving the customer experience. In order to shorten the time frame of the customer and organization interaction the Home depot center has automated some processes by encouraging customers to carry out their orders online and hence reduce instances of long queues thereby hastening the process of service delivery. The customer care call centre belonging to the Home depot center allows the organization to be able to interact with its clients in real time (on stage) or take down their details search for their solutions and contact them at later times in order to offer them solutions. The web angle and internet of customer care also offers a venue under which the organization can offer long lasting solutions to complex customer problems. The current problem with the customer service department is the problem of queuing. The Home Depot has a large number of customers who have problems ranging from simple to very complex problems and this therefore increases the processing time of the customer service department (Wheelen Hunger, 304). The high level of queuing especially during peak season ends up annoying some customers who assume that the organization is ignoring their needs/queries and complaints. Therefore the Home Dept should aim to open a more efficient and effective customer care centre that can dedicate all its efforts exclusively towards responding to the needs of clients. The customer care complex can be seasonal but it will serve as a failsafe method for which the organization can be able to ensure that incase of overloading customer service tasks run smoothly. The strategy taken by Home Depot to manage their, delivery systems, facility design, location selection, capacity planning, service encounter, quality management, information management The Home Depot centre occupies over 105,000 f t ² (9,755 m ²) in warehouse floor space with its megastores operating in larger facilities with its largest store in New Jersey occupying over 200,000 square feet (Home Depot Inc). Every store/warehouse chosen by the company is not accidentally chosen but careful planning is usually common in all location decisions. Key location decisions are made by marketers and population statistics experts who chose areas which are most likely to choose locations that are considered highly attractive in terms of security, consumer traffic and economic parameters. This technique of choosing locations has enabled the organization open stores at very strategic locations within the United States, Mexico and Canada and this has assisted the organization maximize revenues and grow their business portfolio and expand their business (Home Depot Inc). Basically, the location decision has enable Home Depot move closer to their prospective clients and address their needs adequately. Using particular t raffic forecasts that are linked to their location decisions has enabled the organization to perform adequate capacity planning. This has enabled the organization match consumer needs with their provisions through this has not been easy due to higher levels of customers which has increased their demand and led to long queues often. But in order to deliver services the organization in conjunction with their information technology department has been able to adequately develop delivery systems that enable service delivery be queued appropriately in order to deliver services in good time and condition. The organization has over time increased the number of suppliers that it has and this has enabled the organization to be able to be able to maintain high levels of quality supplies at relatively lower pricing. The high variety of brands in the shelves of Home Depot enables customers to choose products from wide variety of product and suppliers are hence forced to produce products that ar e considered of high quality this way the suppliers are forced to produce highly attractive products that are of high quality. Moreover the Home Depot use a last in first out inventory system which ensures that products that are on the shelves follow a queue that is directly related to the time which they arrived at their stores. When dealing with obsolescence and redundancy of stock the organization has a quality control department that is charged with the responsibility inspecting and verifying the quality of goods right before they reach the shelves for customers to purchase (Wheelen Hunger, 338). Every piece of inventory is bar-coded and stored at the organization n data base this way the organization is able to account for all items which are defective or considered as unsuitable following customer complaints. By keeping accurate records and supplying information to all employees within the organization a total quality management system is used to ensure that employees communi cate the message of quality management especially when interacting with customers on the floor of the retail centers (Wheelen Hunger 122). Suggestions for improving and redesigning the services/ interface Home Depot is a home appliance retail and interacts with customers to ensure that they are able to understand their products and if necessary install or even know how to use them. Home Depot Inc serves millions of customers across the Americas. The organization serves the do-it-yourself market, do-it-for-me market and the professional customers (Kotler 244). All this clients have different needs and are considered important to the organization and thus the organization has customized service delivery in order to fit the needs and desires of each customer segment. The organization should therefore aim to expand their existing customer services department by dedicating more resources to this business department this way the organization will be able to deliver services efficiently a nd effectively without delay or compromise in quality (Wheelen Hunger 78). The service delivery process should be upgraded to encourage customers to carry out business transactions over the net and having their goods delivered to their door steps upon agreement. Additionally the organization should improve their capacity planning in order to ensure that the retail center can be able to respond to the needs of their customers as soon as they arise. Conclusion The customer service practices of Home Depot Inc are good but a lot can be done in order to ensure that the organization is able get closer and to respond to the needs of their clients as soon as they occur. Delivery of high quality services is very important and Home Depot has ensured that it makes good lasting impressions on their customers by enhancing good customer experiences. The company should initiate programs that will incorporate the opinions of the lowest level of employees, customers and aim to improve service deliv ery within the organization. Good customer service is an ingredient of creating intimacy with customers and thereby cultivating customer loyalty which is very important to organizations. Campbell, David, Stonehouse, George Houston, Bill. Business Strategy an Introduction, 2nd edition. Banbury Rd: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002. Print. Home Depot Inc. â€Å"Home.† Home Depot Inc. 2011. Web. Kotler, Phillip. 2008. Principles of marketing, 13th edn. New York: Prentice Hall, 2008. Print. Kourdi, Jeremy. Business Strategy: A Guide to Effective Decision Making, 2nd edition. New York: Economist books, 2009. Print. Porter, Michael. Competitive advantage, illustrated edition. Northampton MA: Free press, 2004. Print. Wheelen, Thomas Hunger, David. Strategic management and business policy. New Jersey: Prentice hall, 2002. Print. Worthington, Ian Britton, Chris. Business environment, 6th edition. Canada: Pearson Education, 2009. Print.

Famous Inventors and Inventions - E

Famous Inventors and Inventions - E Charles Eames - Ray Eames Ranked among the most important of industrial designers. They are best known for their groundbreaking contributions to architecture, furniture design, industrial design, manufacturing, and the photographic arts. George Eastman Invented dry, transparent, and flexible photographic film Presper Eckert Behind the history of the ENIAC computer. Harold E Doc Edgerton Doc Edgerton invented high-speed stroboscopic photography. Thomas Edison All of Thomas Edisons major inventions. Also - The Life of Thomas Edison, Biography of Thomas Edison, An Animated Luncheon Brendan Eich Created JavaScript. Gustave Eiffel Built the Eiffel Tower for the Paris Worlds Fair of 1889, which honored the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. Albert Einstein Einstein developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Einsteins theories lead to the invention of nuclear power and the atomic bomb. Gertrude Belle Elion Invented the leukemia fighting drug 6-mercaptopurine, drugs that facilitated kidney transplants and drugs for the treatment of cancer. Thomas Elkins African American inventor - view his three U.S. patents. Philip Emeagwali In 1989, Emeagwali won the Gordon Bell Prize for inventing software for supercomputers. John Emmett Received a patent for Tagamet - inhibits the production of stomach acid. Douglas Engelbart Invented the computer mouse and the first GUI software before Microsoft or Apple. John Ericsson The history of the propelling steam vessels. Oliver Evans Pioneered the high-pressure steam engine. Ole Evinrude Invented the outboard motor. Try Searching by Invention If you cannot find what you want, try searching by invention. Continue Alphabetically: F Starting Last Names

Achieving and Sustaining Growth at Lenovo Research Paper

Achieving and Sustaining Growth at Lenovo - Research Paper Example The Company has ranked behind only two companies – Hewlett Packard and Dell in profitability for 2006. However, customer perception of the Company does not appear good on certain issues such as installation, after sales service and availability of credit, based on a survey conducted as a part of this research effort. Lenovo must improve on these aspects, as well as build upon its success factors in order to sustain its current levels of growth. Japan, the United States and Europe represented the majority of global production and sales of computers and related products during the 2000s. One division of the computer industry is Personal Computers – which are systems with inbred processing facilities embedded in one silicon chip, and these computers are primarily intended for single users. Personal computers first appeared in the 1970s with Apple II being introduced in 1977. IBM PCs became competitive in 1981. (Snapshot). The two major types of personal Computers are PC and Macs, which are Personal Computers manufactured by the Apple Company. In the computer industry, Japan and the United States were the largest supercomputer manufacturers. Mainframe sales dropped in the 1980s and 1990s due to the development of client/server technology, with mid-range systems developing in the 1990s. With increasing sales, IBM and Hewlett Packard emerged as the major players and Hewlett Packard’s partnership with Intel has facilitated its growth in the marketplace (Snapshot). With an increase in globalization, smaller, cheaper, standardized systems like PCs have been gaining popularity. In an effort to improve sales volumes and reduce costs, PC companies have been entering into networking arrangements with other companies to share research and development costs. One example is that of Microsoft and Intel that worked together to develop the Net-PC and NEC’s PC operations with Packard Bell, forming a new venture known as Packard Bell-NEC (Snapshot).  Ã‚  

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Famine, Affluence, and Morality - Essay Example We should according to peter be ashamed of our self and we should be guilty for our decision not to help those in the refugees’ camps, who are dying of hunger and due to lack of shelter and medication (Singer, 1972). According to him it should be good to help them and also not good not to help them. People who then don’t contribute toward assisting the unfortunate in the society should be condemned. Singer is actually right that we have an obligation to help minimize world hunger. This is because those trapped in such situations is not by their own making. Those in Bengal if we don’t rise to the occasion they will just be wiped with hunger (Singer, 1972). This situation is really not inevitable because if we decide to give towards a project to get the camp closed then in matter of months the problem will have been solved. We have therefore never given much attention to the magnitude of the situation at the ground. We have richer nations that have the capacity to bring this situation to an end (Singer, 1972). They are making millions of money and channeling towards research and development while turning a blind eye to human beings dying in refugees’ camps. ... We can therefore help to raise many so that India can not divert resources allocated for development to feeding refugees because this will cause another similar problem in the future. Al the governments of the world are aware of this situation in India and other parts of the world and therefore can not take refuge in pretence of not having been aware of it. Because the governments are therefore aware of this they should contribute towards it so that the blight of the refugees can be gathered for (Singer, 1972). The individuals are also aware of this and it is therefore immoral not to help those suffering yet you have information of their blight. B The most compelling part of singers’ argument is the fact that we should prevent something bad from happening without sacrificing something else of same importance (Singer, 1972). This is rather compelling because it is practical and real that we can be able to get rid of this suffering in the refugees and at the same time we will no t have created other such situations which means that such situations are brought to an end and totally gotten rid of. It is therefore not so much demanding to do so because we are only required to stop what is bad and no further demanded from us to promote good. If we therefore contribute to help those in refugee camp by giving money that we earn we will have helped them get out of the situation and at the same time we will have but ourselves in the same circumstance as that of the refugees. C Despite singers’ insightful argument in favor of moral obligation to get rid of hunger in the world, there are also enough reasons not to believe so. It can not be argued that